Let's see how we can use ClearCalcs to design a typical building!

Just click the "See Sample Projects" button right at the top of the Project Page and you can get started!

Building Geometry

The below example has closely followed the dimensions and loading of SCI P387 (see reference below). The resulting member demand and capacity can therefore be verified between the 2 sources!

Steel Building Design: Worked examples for students (C) 2009 The Steel Construction Institute P387. Find at SteelSCI.com

ClearCalcs Features

• Project Defaults: Set Default Loadings, Deflection Limits & Load Combinations
• Steel Beam and Steel Column Calculators EX 1, 2, 5 & 6 (design only)
• Truss Calculator EX 6
• Load Linking (see here for further details)

How was this Project Created?

Creating the Project Defaults Page:

The Project Defaults are provided for users to input for EN 1990/1991 - Basis of Structural Design and Loading which will be used throughout the project, as well as any National Annex specific settings. For further details see Project Defaults EU here. The project specific settings used for this example include:

1. Partial/Reduction Factors & Combinations of Actions - See SCI P387 Cl 3.2.1. 1. Partial / Reduction Factors - Use ClearCalcs Defaults 2. __Strength Combination of Action - __ UK NA requires the use of Eqs 6.10 a/b load combinations and a Reduction Factor ξ = 0.925. 3. Serviceability Combinations - UK NA does not consider Dead Load in Serviceability Load Combinations. Select "Custom" and amend Dead Load factors.
2. Deflection Limits - _See SCI P387 Cl 3.2.2. _ 1. Steel Deflection Limits - use ClearCalcs provided defaults (consistent with UK for characteristic _ but we override fr equent and quasi-permanent to _ Span / 1 (i.e. no checks required per UK NA.2.23) 2. Absolute deflection limits - not used in SCI P387 (in a usual case deflection is limited by plaster or other building restrictions), so we arbitrarily increase this to 100mm. 3. Timber / concrete deflection limits - leave as blank as they are not used in this project.
3. Default Loads - _See individual examples. _ 1. Floor Default Loads - Floor Joists Example 1 & 2 use a floor self-weight of 3.7 kPa, and an imposed floor load of 3.3 kPa. 2. Roof / Wall Default Loads - These are not used in this project, so are left as is.
4. Default Building Geometry _- _ 1. Floor Heights - set to 5000mm, as used in SCI P387. For the single column calculation being completed here, this only provides marginal time saving, however in reality there would be a number of columns with different geometry and loading.

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Creating the Joist Calculators (EX1 & 2)

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Pro Tip 1 : Because we added Default Loads & Default Load Widths in Project Defaults, these loads are now automatically applied to each Floor Joist calculator as Distributed Loads with load widths!

Pro Tip 2 : Because we added Load Combinations and Factors in Project Defaults, these combinations are now checked for each joist calculator. You can even see the force and deflection graphs for each of these combinations!

A typical "restrained" and "unrestrained" floor joist has been analysed and designed by ClearCalcs mirroring the SCI P387 calculation procedure. For further details on Joist Calculator see How to Design a Steel Beam to EN1993. The "Floor Joist" sub-category was selected to ensure default loading would be transferred. The following data was entered:

1. Geometry and Steel Grade Inputs - 1. Steel Grades - For EX1, select EN 10025-2 UK Prod Std, Gr. S275 (3mm < t <= 16mm) and for EX 2 (16mm < t <= 40mm). ClearCalcs also provides simplified grades per EN1993, although the UK NA does not allow using these. 2. Length Between Lateral Restraints - set to 0 for full restraint (EX1) and 6000 mm for the unrestrained joist (EX 2) 3. Pinned Supports - added at each end of the beam.
2. Loads (EN 1991) 1. Because we added Default Loads in Project Defaults, these are now automatically applied to each Floor Joist calculator! 2. Self-weight - set to "No" for Restrained Beam (EX1). Set to "Yes" for Unrestrained Beam (EX2) and an additional 1.78 kN/m dead load to equal a total strength UDL = 60.8kNm per SCI P387. 3. Building Category - set to Category "B: Office Areas" 4. We don't change any of the other defaults, loading is applied through shear centre, and loaded from top.
3. Design Criteria - all deflection limits are taken from Project Defaults.
4. ULS: Buckling Resistance of Uniform Member in Bending (EN 1993-1-1:2005 Cl 6.3.2) - EX 2 only

1. _Equivalent uniform moment factor C 1 \- set to 1.13 consistent with SCI P387._

2. _C 2 and k - leave as is._

That's all there is to it! We now check off our key results in the summary section top-right:

Restrained Beam (EX1):

V Ed = 230 kN and Vc,Rd = 756 kN. Our beam is adequate in shear

MEd = 459 kNm and Mc,Rd = 503 kNm. Our beam is adequate in moment and buckling check is not required.

δ char = -13.6 mm and

Δ c,lim = 22.2 mm. Our beam is adequate in deflection.

Unrestrained Beam (EX2):

V Ed = 172 kN and Vc,Rd = 613 kN. Our beam is adequate in shear.

• Note that SCI P387 advises a higher uniform load per meter under ultimate condition (60.8kN/m rather than 57.4kN/m). However, this higher load is not transferred to the column in Ex 5, so has been ignored by ClearCalcs.

MEd = 258 kNm and Mc,Rd = 591 kNm / Mb,rd = 334 kNm.

• Note that SCI P387 advises a higher uniform load per meter under ultimate condition (60.8kN/m rather than 57.4kN/m). However, this higher load is not transferred to the column in Ex 5, so ha been ignored by ClearCalcs.

No SLS checks are conducted, although ClearCalcs will always show deflection checks.

Creating the Column Calculator (EX5)

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Pro Tip 1 : We can now link the reactions from the joists on each side of the column at each floor. (see here for further details).

Pro Tip 2 : Because we added a storey height in Project Defaults, we can now use this to set both the total column height and distance between lateral restraints. This also shows off using ClearCalcs' custom user formulas, where you can do arithmetic, units and more within any input field. (see here for further details).

The interior column connecting each floor (excluding the roof) is designed by ClearCalcs mirroring the SCI P387 calculation procedure. For further details on the Column Calculator see here. The following data was entered:

1. Geometry and Steel Grade Inputs - 1. Steel Grades - Select EN 10025-2 UK Prod Std, Gr. S275 (3mm < t <= 16mm) as per steel joists above. 2. Total Column Height - set to projectDefault("h_storey") * 3. Here we use our storey height project defaults and use a custom user formulas as per the Pro Tip above to find the height of 3 storeys combined. 3. Critical Buckling Lengths - set to projectDefault("h_storey") which represents the distance between each floor restraint 4. Position of Support from Bottom - Fixed support added at bottom of column. The floors do not provide lateral restraint.
2. Loads (EN 1991) 1. Axial, Lateral & Moment Loads - We now link reactions from floor joists (EX1 & EX2) to each storey of the column. Note that you can link each reaction multiple times, as the joists in each storey carry the same load. 2. Default Axial Load Eccentricity - Set "Y-axis face" eccentricity, which by default applies the eccentricity at 100mm from the face of the flange, consistent with SCI P387. Only Level 1 moment is checked. Because the ratio of column stiffnesses < 1.5, the design moment due to eccentricity is reduced by half, achieved by halving eccentricity Axial Eccentricity = e_y/2 . 3. Building Category - set to Category "B: Office Areas" exactly as for the steel joists. 4. Self-weight - set to "No"
3. Design Criteria & National Annex Parameters 1. all deflection limits are taken from Project Defaults. 2. leave partial factors & factor for shear area per the Default values. 3. Buckling Interaction - set to Annex A (less conservative and recommended by UK National Annex)
4. ULS: Buckling Resistance of Uniform Member in Bending (EN 1993-1-1:2005 Cl 6.3.2) 1. Equivalent uniform moment factor C1 & C2- leave as 1 & 2 respectively consistent with SCI P387

That's all there is to it! We now check off our key results in the summary section top-right:

M Ed = - 6.52 kNm and MN,y,Rd = 162 kNm. Our beam is adequate in bending moment.

Nc,Ed = 1210 kNm and Nb,z,Rd = 1550 kNm. Our beam is adequate in axial buckling capacity, with the critical buckling occuring in the minor axis.

Interact M,N,b (Axial & Bending Interaction) = 0.786. Utilisation less than 1 therefore adequate.

No deflection check is conducted.

Creating the Truss Analysis Calculator (EX6)

Pro Tip 1 : The truss analysis calculator can accept any arbitrary truss dimensions by choosing a "Custom Truss" and entering nodes and elements manually.

Pro Tip 2 : Any member from the truss analysis calculator may be designed within our column calculator. In future the results and dimensions of the member may be directly linked to the design calculator to prevent duplicating data!

The roof truss spanning between exterior columns has been modelled below. See How to Use the Truss Analysis Wizard for further details.

1. Truss Geometry 1. Truss Type: set to Custom Truss. The shape of the roof truss is similar to a "simple fink truss" (see truss types here) however the spacing of bracing is slightly different so custom dimensions have been entered.
2. Member Selection - 1. Chord / Web Members - Select 100 x 100 x 5 SHS for chords & 70 x 70 x 5 SHS for bracing members. The steel grade is not entered here as it doesn't affect the deflection / forces in the structure.
3. Nodes, Elements & Supports 1. Nodes - Enter the global x and y coordinate of each node of the truss (in any order 2. Elements - Enter the member and its type (i.e. 1- Top Chord, 2- Web Member, 3- Botttom Chord) 3. Supports - Enter a Pinned & Roller (Y restrained) at the start & end nodes to model a simply supported truss.
4. Loads (EN 1991) 1. Include Self-Weight - set to "Yes" as the total combined actions value of 7.32 kN/m does not include the SHS self-weight. 2. FEA Point Loads - set to F d = 43.92 kN at all intermediate nodes, and half of Fd at each support node consistent with SCI P387. Orientation is set to the global value (-90deg = vertical). Labels are not used

The analysis results from the chords / web may be designed for axial only by inputting an axial force in a "Steel Column" calculator. However, as the Steel column completes its own member analysis, it is not possible to assign a single governing moment / shear load directly. In future the results and dimensions of the member may be directly linked to the design calculator to prevent duplicating data!

As the process for filling in the Steel Column data has been shown in EX 5, it is not repeated here.

Thank you for reading, and we look forward to seeing what you can create with ClearCalcs!